Bolts

Common Types:

• Hex bolts: Standard for structural connections
• Carriage bolts: Rounded head, square neck for wood/steel
• Flange bolts: Built-in washer for load distribution
• Anchor bolts: Used to fix structures to concrete
• Structural bolts: High-strength bolts like ASTM A325, A490

Materials:

• Carbon steel (low, medium, high strength)
• Alloy steel (for high-strength applications)
• Stainless steel (corrosion-resistant)
• Galvanized steel (zinc-coated for corrosion protection)

Standards:

• ASTM A325 / A490
• ISO 898-1, DIN 931, DIN 933
• SAE J429

Applications:

• Steel structures (bridges, buildings)
• Machinery assembly
• Automotive, aerospace
• Industrial equipment

Advantages:

• Removable and reusable
• Strong shear and tensile strength
• Allows for precise clamping force